Tape cartridge selector transducing machine



May 26, 1964 M. cAMRAs TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE 7 Sheecs-Sheerl 1 Filed March 22, 1961 A TTORN E YS May Z6, 1964 M, CAMRAS 3,134,550

TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 2 f -Q f EL' II 1 447 4- Fg. a M 513 48" I v ez INVENTOIL :zza /I/grr/)z (zw/25 L BY A; :Uwe/if nvw me? i ATTORNEYS May 26, 1964 M. cAMRAs 3,134,550

TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSCUCTNG MACHINE Filed March 22, 1961 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN V EN TOR. /l/d/'nz [af/W25 BY MMM/mf l im VW ATTORNEYS May 26, 1964 M. cAMRAs 3,134,550

TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fg- Y Scrl@ M. CAMRAS May 26, 1964 TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE Filed March 22, 1961 7 Sheets-Sheet 5 Rm l Rm wm IN V EN TOR.

May 26, 1964 M. cAMRAs TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE s @4 mm mi mw m .n m n v W M l %3 1f. .n m a M d m n 7 Sheets-Sheet 7 M. CAMRAS TAPE CARTRIDGE SELECTOR TRANSDUCING MACHINE IN VEN TOR. ,lla/*nh (w1/rds May 26, 1964 Filed March 22, 1961 ATTORNEYS United States Patent O 3,134,559 Tara aannemen sarnc'ron rnANsnUcrNG MAcrnNr;

Mmvin Camras, Giencee, Ill., assigner to 11T Research Institute, a corporation of Illinois Filed Mar. 22, 1961, Ser. No. 97,590 23 Claims. (El. 242-5513) The present invention relates to a transducing machine and particularly to a machine wherein a plurality of single spool cartridges may be stored and delivered to a tape transport mechanism selectively. The single spool cartridges may each contain a coil of tape, wire or other elongated medium having signals recorded thereon magnetically, electrostatically or by other suitable means. A preferred type of single spool cartridge is disclosed in my copending application Serial No. 801,403 tiled March 23, 1959, now Patent No. 3,025,011 of which the present application is a continuation in part.

As disclosed in said copending application, a single spool cartridge may comprise a spool having a record medium wound thereon with a leader connected to the outer end of the record medium and wound in overlying relation to the outer layer of the record medium and retained with the spool to provide a neat, compact and eX- tremely economical cartridge. Such a single spool cartridge is compatible with existing tape transport mechanisms, but is particularly adapted for use with relatively simple and inexpensive automatic threading tape transport machines. Suitable automatic threading tape transport mechanisms are illustrated in detail in the above mentioned copending application. t

The mechanism disclosed in the present application is particularly adapted to use with computers and the like wherein a large number of single spool cartridges are to be selectively brought into operative relation to one or more record transducing mechanisms.

It is therefore an important object of the present invention to provide a novel single spool cartridge transducing machine.

Another object of the invention is to provide a transducing machine for selectively playing any of a large number of single spool cartridges stored thereby.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a single spool cartridge transducing machine which is particularly rapid and eflicient in operation and provides access to a desired cartridge in a minimum average time.

Other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be apparent from the following detailed description talten in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of a rst embodiment of a single spool cartridge transducer machine in accordance with the present invention;

FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken generally along the line II-II of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is a agmentary vertical sectional view taken generally along the line III-III of FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary end elevational View looking in the direction of the arrows associated with line IJ-IV in FIGURE 1 and illustrating certain details of construction;

FIGURE 5 is a somewhat diagrammatic vertical sectional view illustrating a further system for selecting a desired cartridge from a library of cartridges;

FIGURE 5A is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view showing certain details of the structure of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 6 is a fragmentary horizontal sectional view taken generally along the line VI-VI of FIGURE 5;

FIGURE 7 is a fragmentary plan view taken looking in the direction of the arrows associated with line VII- VII of FIGURE 5;

Patented May 26, 1964 ice FIGURE 7A is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view showing certain details of the structure of FIGURE 7;

FIGURE 8 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view of a single spool cartridge for the embodiments of FIGURES lto4and5to 7;

FIGURE 9 is a fragmentary front elevational view illustrating a further embodiment of the present invention with certain parts broken away and in section;

FIGURE l0 is a fragmentary top plan view of the mechanism of FIGURE 9;

FIGURE 11 is a fragmentary elevational view of a further selector mechanism in accordance with the present invention for use with the tape transport of FIG- URES 9 and l0;

FIGURE 12 is a fragmentary vertical sectional view taken generally along the line XII-XII of FIGURE 11;

FIGURE 13 is a somewhat diagrammatic vertical sectional view illustrating details of one type of automatic threading tape transport mechanism for utilization in the preceding embodiments;

FIGURE 14 is a fragmentary perspective view illustrating the threading leader coupling of the automatic threading tape transport mechanism of FIGURE 13;

FIGURE 15 is a fragmentary diagrammatic view of the tape and associated leaders and indicating certain electric control features associated therewith; and

FIGURE 16 is a diagrammatic illustration of a suitable electric control circuit for automatically operating the tape transport mechanism.

As shown on the drawings:

The present application is a continuation in part of my copending application Serial No. 801,403 filed March 23, 1959 which in turn is a continuation in part of my application Serial No. 690,042 tiled October 14, 1957 and now abandoned. The disclosures of both of these preceding applications are incorporated herein by reference to illustrate further details of an automatic threading transducer mechanism in accordance with the present invention.

Embodiment of FIGURES 1-4 For the sake of completeness, the general nature of such an automatic threading transducer machine has been illustrated in FIGURES 1, 13, 14, 15 and 16, Referring to these gures, the reference numeral 10 indicates generally a casing for supporting the various elements constituting the drive mechanism of a magnetic reproducer or a combined magnetic recording and reproducing machine. As best seen in FIGURE 1, the casing 10 includes opposed top and bottom walls 11 and 12 and a vertical partition wall 13.

A portion of the casing 10 is recessed to provide a cartridge receiving well 18 into which a single spool cartridge, generally indicated at 19, may beinserted. A Wall portion 20 of the well 1S is provided with an aperture or recess 20a for receiving the free end of a spindle 21 as the cartridger19 is being locked on the spindle for rotation therewith within the well 18. The spindle 21 is received within a sleeve 22 supported between opposed bearings (not shown). Axial movement between the spindle 21 and the `sleeve 22 is permitted by providing a pin 23, FIGURE 16, secured to the spindle and received in a slot 24 on the sleeve 22. The provision of the pin and slot coupling permits retraction of the spindle 21 within the sleeve 22 while preventing rotational movement between the spindle 21 and the sleeve 22.

A collar (not shown) is secured to the sleeve 22 by means of a set screw, and a slipping clutch is provided for driving the spindle 21 through the medium of such collar and a driven pulley freely rotatable on the sleeve 22 and spring urged axially toward the collar.

A positive drive for the rewind condition may be provided through the use of a centrifugal clutch assembly (not shown). The pulley on the sleeve 22 may be driven by means of a belt 25 from a two-speed motor 26, FIG- URE 13. For convenience in description, the embodiment may be considered to utilize three motors, but it will be obvious that a single motor with appropriate power transmitting elements can be substituted for the drive units specifically referred to herein.

Spindle 21 has an opposite end portion 21d, FIGFURE 16, extending beyond the sleeve 22 and a compression spring 27, FIGURE 16, acts against the end portion 21d to urge it into engagement With a lever 28 Whose position is controlled by a cam 29., Suitable means for extending and retracting the spindle 21 including such spring and lever has been indicated diagrammatically by the blockf31 in FIGURE 1, and reference is made to my aforementioned copending applications for a detailed disclosure of this means. The means 31 may be operated by a push button or selector from a control panel and in addition to its mechanical function is preferably linked to switches that control the operating sequence of the mechanism. Alternatively, inserting the cartridge into the Wall 18 may be utilized to initiate operation of the spindle retracting and extending means 31 from a master sequence control means as indicated at 32 in FIGURE 1. The master sequence control means is thus coupled to a sensing switch or the like Within the well 18 so as to cause the spindle 21 to be projected into engagement with a cartridge upon the cartridge being inserted into the well by the selector mechanism to be hereinafter described. By Way of specitc illustration, such cartridge sensing means in the well 18 may comprise a light source 30a and photocell 30h arranged-as indicated diagrammatically in FIGURE 16 so as to be actuated by the insertion of the cartridge without any direct mechanical contact with the cartridge. Control means 32 may respond to the pulse generated by the photoelectric sensing means as the cartridge initially moves into position, to begin the transducing operation. The sensing means may be disposed to one side of an ejector means to avoid actuation by the movement thereof indicated in FIGURE 13. Y

In FIGURE l, the spindle 21 is shown in solid outline in driving relation to the cartridge 19. When the cartridge has been played and the tape is rewound onto the cartridge, spindle 21 may be automatically retracted by means of the spindle retracting means 31 under the control of the master sequence control means 32. By way of example, contacts such as illustrated in FIGURES 13 vand l5 at 100 and 105 may be bridged by a conducting strip 84a on the outer tape leader 84 as the tape is being rewound on the cartridge 19, and bridging of contacts v100 and 105 may actuate suitable circuit means in the master sequence control 32 to deenergize solenoid 108 and the spindle drive means indicated at 33 which is responsible for drive of the record medium in the rewind direction.

After spindle drive means 33 is deenergized and spindle 21 retractedV from the well 18, the master sequence control means 32`may energizeejector relay 34 to drive ejectorarm 35 into'the well. This movement of ejector arm 35 will raise the cartridge 19 out of the well to a position where it may be engaged by the selector mechanism generally indicated at 47, and returned toits storage location. As Vindicated in FIGURE 13, the ejector arm 35 Vmay have an arcuate cartridge engaging face 35a of substantial arcuate extent.

.'.Ihe selector mechanism 47 then delivers the next selected cartridge to a position above the well 18 and releases the cartridge into the Well. Any suitable means may be provided for insuring that the cartridge 19 When it drops into the well 18 will be positioned with its central axial aperture 77a, FIGURE 3, in su'icient alignment with the tapering end of the spindle 21 so that when the spindle is projected, it will properly engage in the central aperturerof the cartridge. By way of example, the retracted position of the cartridge engaging face 35a of ejector arm 35 may be such as to insure engagement of the tip of spindle 2.1 in the central aperture of the cartridge. Further axial movement of spindle 21 will then lift the cartridge slightly to clear the cartridge of the face 35a by virtue of the tapering configuration of the end of the spindle. A pinY 48, FIGURE 1, may cooperate with a lever 49 which is pivotally mounted at 50 to determine the retracted position of ejector arm 35. The lever 49 is urged by a spring 52 to the position shown in FIGURE l. Insertion of a cartridge into the well 18 actuates the photoeleciric sensing device 30a, 30b previously mentioned which then signals the master sequence control means 32. The master sequence control means may discriminate between the pulse of one polarity generated when the cartridge moves into obstructing relation to the photoelectric means and the pulse of opposite polarity generated when the cartridge moves out of obstructing relation to the photoelectric means.

When the cartridge is inserted into the well, the spindle 21 is in a position such as indicated in dotted outline at 21a in FIGURE 1 retracted from the well. After a cartridge 19 is inserted into the Well, the master sequence control means 32 energizes the spindle extending means 31 which extends the spindle 21 to engage in the axial aperture 77a of cartridge 19 and press the cartridge 19 against the wall portion 20. With the cartridge abutting the wall 20, the spring urged detent 46 on the spindle is pressed through the aperture in the cartridge to overlie the flange 77 of the cartridge which confronts Wall 20. A suitable drive tongue 79, FIGURE 16 is provided on the spindle for engaging in one of a plurality of radial notches such as 77b seen in FIGURE 3. The spindle 21 is now retracted slightly to clear the cartridge 19 from the Walls delining Well 18. At this time also, master sequence control means assume a position further spaced from the cartridge, but this is not necessary. The most extended position of spindle 21 in indicated in dash outline at 2lb in FIGURE 1, the recess 20a accommodating this position of the spindle 21 during the engagement of the spindle with the cartridge. The nal position of the spindle is indicated at 21',` in solid outline in FIGURE 1 and in this position the cartridge is mounted for free rotation in the Well 18.

A capstan shaft 51 is mounted between opposed bearings (not shown) and has a fly wheel 56, FIGURE 13, secured thereto to act as a rotary stabilizer. Capstan shaft 51 has been illustrated as being driven by means of a pulley 57 and a belt 58 from a capstan drive motor 59 in FIGURE 13. The motor 59 may be of the reversible type and is represented by block 69 in FIGURE 1.

The take-up reel assembly includes a take-up reel 61 keyed for rotation with a spindle 62. The latter is received between opposed bearings and is driven through a friction type clutch by means of a belt and motor. The take-up reel drive means has been diagrammatically indicated as component 68 in FIGURE 1.

As seen in FIGURE'S, the cartridge 19 includes a central hub portion 76 and opposed annular flange members 77 and 78. The annular ange members'77 and 78 have centrally disposed apertures such as indicated at 77a, FIGURE 3, in register, together with radial slots such as indicated at 77b as is conventional for magnetic tape reels. The spool dimensions are such as to permit the use of the spool on present day machines either in the computer eld or in the home recorder field as desired.

The annular flange members 77 and 78 at their outer peripheries have axially extending confronting annular end portions 77c and k78e which define a slot 81 for the passage of tape 82 trained around the hub 76. The width of the tape 82 is less than the axial dimension of hub 76 as illustrated in FIGURE 8 and is less than the Width of the slot 81 so that it may be freely received through the slot as it is unwound from the hub 76.

The inner end of the tape 82 is secured by means of an inner leader 83 to the hub 76 in any convenient manner. As indicated the width of the inner tape leader 83 is substantially the same as the width of the tape 82 so that it may be freely received through the slot 81.

An outer tape leader 84 has its inner end secured to the outer free end of the tape 82 as indicated in FIGURE 15. The leader S4 is preferably composed of a reasonably stijf but eXible material such as a fabric impregnated with cellulose resin or other synthetic resin. As indicated in FIGURE 8, the width of the outer leader 84 is greater than the width of the slot 81 and the outer leader 84 is received behind the confronting peripheral end portions 77e and 78C. The outer leader 84 is wrapped around the body of the tape 82 with one or more complete turns and thus serves very effectively as a dust and moisture cover as well as a mechanical shield to protect the tape S2. The self-retaining feature of the outer leader allows handling of the cartridge without loosening or unwinding of the tape therefrom. The leader 84 nevertheless is still sufficiently flexible so that it may be bent slightly and pulled through the slot 81 to start unreeling of the magnetic tape from the cartridge.

The outer free end of the leader 84 is provided with a hook 86 as indicated in FIGURE 13 by means of which the threading operation is initiated. The hook 86 may be composed of metal, but may just as readily be composed of a suitable synthetic resinous material. Other suitable forms of coupling between the outer leader on the cartridge and threading leader 88 are disclosed in my aforementioned copending application Serial No. 801,403 and in a further copending application Serial No. 41,86() tiled July l1, 1950 and the disclosure of both of these applications are incorporated herein by reference as further examples of suitable means for automatically threading the tape from the cartridge 19.

The hook 85 is arranged to cooperate with a hook 37, FIGURE 13, to form a detachable coupling between the leader 34 and a threading member generally indicated at 88. The opposite end of the threading member 8S is anchored by means of a loop 83a to the spindle 62 of the taire-up reel 61. The threading member 8S follows the normal transducing path for the tape through the assembly, passing between the capstan shaft 51 and a pivoted capstan roller 91, past electromagnetic heads 82 and 92a and through a tension sensitive mechanism indicated at 9S.

The threading member 8S is preferably composed of a flexible, but relatively strong material such as plastic impregnated canvas. The hook 87 is secured to the threading member 8S by means of a hinge including a pin 93 and a coiled spring 94 which normally urges the hook portion 87 inwardly, or counterclockwise as seen in FIG- URE 14 of the drawings.

When the cartridge 19 is introduced into the receiving well 13 and properly secured on the spindle 21, the motor 26 is energized for example in response to the angular position of cam 29, FIGURE 16, when the spindle 21 reaches its operating position indicated at 21e in FIGURE 1. The motor runs at a relatively slow speed such that shaft 21 revolves counterclockwise as seen in FGURE 13 on the order of 60 or 120 revolutions per minute. As the motor 26 rotates the spindle 21 at this slow speed, the cartridge thereon is also rotated slowly for one revolution or less until such time as the hook Sd on the cartridge assembly engages the hook $7 on the threading member S8. At this occurs, the tension created by the engagement of the two hook portions energizes the tension sensing device 95. The latter consists of a generally arcuate surfaced guide mem er 97 which cooperates with a switch actuating arm 9S having an arcuate portion 98a generally complementary to the shape of the arcuately shaped surface of the guide member 97. With no tension applied to the threading member S8, a relatively light spring 99 holds the arm 9S in the position shown in FIGURE 13, causing the threading member to conform to the arcuate configuration of the slot defined between the arcuate portion 93a and the guide member 97. When, however, a tension is applied by the engagement of the hooks and 87, the arm 9d is pivoted about pivot pin 191 and serves to operate a switch 1112 having an operating button 163. Actuation of switch 1h12 serves to start the take-up motor 74, FIGURE 16, and the capstan drive motor 59 by the operation of a latch relay 147, FlGURE 16, associated with master sequence control means 32.

As the two motors are energized, the outer leader 84 and then the tape S2 are pulled through the slot 81, FIG- URE 8, the clutch on the take-up reel 61 being strong enough to overcome that associated with spindle 21. The tape is then pulled past head 92, between capstan shaft 51 and the capstan roller 91, past a guide pin 107 and findly received on the take-up reel 61.

After the hooks 86, S7 have passed between the capstan 51 and the capstan roll 91, which are in open position as shown in FIGURE 13, a pair of contacts lili), 165 are bridged by a metal coating 84a near the lower edge of the outer tape leader 84, thus energizing a solenoid 1x73 which closes and latches capstan roller 91 in the tape driving position. The armature 1(39 of solenoid 198 may be held in actuated position by a latch member 119 which is only released by again bridging contacts 101i, 1435 during rewind of the tape on cartridge 19. The take-up reel 61 has a relatively large diameter hub 104 whose periphery is just great enough to take the length of the threading member 8S, so that the hooks fit into the gap 166 of the hub 104. The engaged hooks 85, 87 thus do not provide a protuberance which might interfere with the winding of the tape onto the take-up reel 61. The contour ot the receiving slot 1% and the shape of the hooks should be such as to provide a smooth bump-free base for subsequent winding.

In normal running operation, the capstan roller 91 is urged against the tape by the action of the solenoid 13S acting through a spring 13d to urge the roller 91 resiliently against the tape. The machine then functions for normal playback or record conditions with the capstan S1 providing the positive driving action for draving the magnetic tape across the electromagnet head 92. At this time, the clutch on the supply spindle 21 is still being driven in a counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 13 at a slow rate of speed to provide a slight amount of tension on` the magnetic record member. Similarly, the take-up motor 74 is driven at a suiiicient rate of speed in a clockwise direction to provide tension in winding up the magnetic record member on the take-up reel 61.

The machine illustrated may also be provided with circuit means for automatically stopping tape movement in the forward direction and for moving the tape in the reverse direction to rewind the tape on cartridge 19". A second head 92a is indicated for scanning a second channel of the tape during movement of the tape in the rewind direction.

After the tape has been played in the forward direction, that is, moving from top to bottom as indicated in FIG- URE 13, the mechanism is automatically reversed by means of a pair of spaced contacts 111 and 112 which cooperate with a thin film of metallic paint 83a appearing near the upper edge on the inner leader 83. When the contacts 111 and 112 are bridged, by the metallic paint iilm, a solenoid 113, FIGURE 16, associated with sequence control means 32 is energized for example from a direct current source 114., This actuates an armature 116 having a latch portion 116:1 which then engages a locking arm 117 and is thereby held in the energized position. The locking arm 117 normally rests against a stop 118 and is urged thereagainst by the action of a spring 119.

When the solenoid 113 is energized and the armature 116 moves into locked engagement with the locking arm 117, the movement of the armature may shift the position of six contact arms 121, 122, 123, 124, and 126 which control reversal of the direction of rotation of the capstan motor 59 and other elements to cause the tape to be driven in the reverse direction. Toward the end of rewind operation, the contacts 160, 105 may cause energization of a solenoid 160 to unlatch an on control armature 155. Release of the on armature 155 deenergizes the driving motors and energizes a latch release solenoid 175 to unlatch the armature of solenoid 108 prior to the time when the hook portions 86, 87 move between the capstan shaft 51 and pressure roller 91. As the machine coasts toward a stop, the leader SS comes to the position shown in FIGURE 13. Further pull on the hook 87 by the cartridge (which is still coasting) pivots hook 87 on pin 93, FIGURE 14, against the action of spring 94 and disengages the hooks 87 and 86 so that the cartridge can be released. When the tape is completely rewound on the hub 76 of the cartridge, and the outer leader 84. has been completely trained about the tape, the threading member 88 is prevented from further movement by its attachment to the spindle 62. With the tape thus detached from the threading member S8, master sequence control means 32 may be operative to retract spindle 21 so that the spring pressed detent 46 is disengaged from the cartridge and the cartridge can be projected from the receiving Well 18 by means of ejector arm 35.

Movement of the spindle 21 into its retracted position as shown in dotted outline at 21a in FIGURE l, may also serve to reset the machine for another operation. From the foregoing, it will be apparent that the tape transport mechanism 10 may operate entirely automatically in coordinated relationship to the cartridge selector mechanism 47. The details of an exemplary electric circuit and other mechanism for producing this operation will now be described.

Detailed Electric Circuit for Automatic Threading FIGURE 16 illustrates in a very diagrammatic fashion an automatic control circuit for the embodirnent of FIGURES l through 4. The circuit may best be described by takingV the successive operations thereof in time sequence. The spindle 21 is diagrammatically illustrated in its retracted position at the lower center of the figure. A relatively light compression spring 27 acts on a ange 21d at the left end of the spindle 21 to urge the spindle into the retracted position under the control of a lever 28 mounted for pivotal movement on a fixed pivot shaft 36 and held in the indicated position by means of cam 29 which is mounted on a rotatable shaft 37. A relatively strong tension spring 44 urges the lever 28 in the clockwise direction relative to its pivot shaft 36, so that when the cam 29 is driven in the counterclockwise direction by motor 38 which is connected to shaft 37, spring 44 moves the spindle 21 to the right as viewed in FIGURE 16 into engagement with a cartridge such as indicated at 19. As the cam 29 rotates in the counterclockwise direction, the maximum diameter portion 29a of the cam moves out of engagement with the lever, and the lever rotates progressively in the clockwise direction until the minimum diameter active portion of the cam indicated at 29h is in engagement with the lever 2S. At this point, spring urged detent 46 has been forced entirely through the axial opening in the cartridge and overlies the flange 77 of the cartridge, with the cartridge resting against the shoulder 21d of the spindle and with the drive tongue 79 retracted against the action of spring 80 so as to lie flush with the shoulder 21d. As cam 29 continues to rotate, a larger diameter portion 29C engages lever 28 to cause the spindle 21. to be retracted slightly by the action of spring 27 clearing the cartridge 19 for rotation within the well of the tape transport mechanism.

Assuming the clamping lingers 214 and 215, FIGURE l, iirst insert the cartridge partially into the receiving well 18 with the spindle 21 retracted, the light path be- 42 may produce a negative pulse voltage across resistor 44 which is transmitted by rectifier element 5310 momentarily actuate relay 54. Relay 54 may close a contact 55 and hold thel Contact 55 closed fora predetermined time period after deenergization of the relay 54. Closure of contact 55 applies voltage from a suitable direct current source ditto a second Vrelay 64 which opens a contact 65 and holds the contact open for a predetermined time period after deenergization of the relayV 64. Of course, any suitable means may be provided for responding to the negativepulse generated by capacitor 42 and for holding contact 65 open 'for a suitable time period and then reclorsing contact 65. The effect of opening contact 65 is to disconnect an energizing circuit from direct current source 66 through contacts 70 and 71 to relay 34 controlling lever 49. By proper selection of the delay times introduced'by relays 54 and 64, the clamping fingers 214 and 215 will have released the cartridge 19 priorV to deenergization of relay 34. Inthis case, the cartridge 19 will be resting on support face 35a of ejecting arm 35 at the time relay 34 is deenergized. When relay 34 is deenergized, tension spring 52 will be operative to pivot lever 49 in the counterclockwise direction about pivot point 50 to retract ejector A35 from the cartridge Vreceiving well. Lowering of ejector arm 35 will correspondingly lower the cartridge 19 into the operative position with its central aperture suiciently in alignment with the tapered end of spindle 21.

Alternatively, circuit means may be provided for maintaining the solenoid 34 deenergized as the cartridge is being delivered to the receiving well, in which case release of theclamping-ngers 214 and'215 will allow the cartridge to drop completely into the well into the position shown in FIGURE 16.

By way of example, if the solenoid 34 is to be deenergized at the time the new cartridge is delivered to the receiving well, contacts 70 and 71 may control a time delay relay which momentarily closes an energizing circuit to the solenoid 34 after retraction Vof spindle 21 from a cartridge to be ejected, and which maintains Vthe solenoid energized for a suicient time to allow the clamping iingers 214 and 215 to engage the cartridge after projection thereof from the well. Since the clamping fingers may remain in the horizontal position during the time when the cartridge is being played, the clamping fingers may be engaged with the cartridge when it is projected from the well in a relatively short time. In this event, the solenoid 34 would only be energized for a predetermined time period immediately after withdrawal of the spindle 21 from its engagement with the cartridge to be ejected.

In either sequence of operation, when cartridge 19 reaches the position shown in FIGURE 16, the lightV path between source 30a and photocell 39h is interrupted, causing capacitor 127 to generate a negative pulse across resistor 128 which is operative to actuate relay 129 through device 131. The relay or other timing device 129 is operative to close contact 132 and maintain it closed for a predetermined time period after energization of the relay. Closure of contact 132 supplies energy to the cam motor 38 so as to drive the cam in the counterclockwise direction to engage spindle 21 With the cartridge as previously described. Suitable mechanical stops may be associated with the cam 29 to prevent over-travel thereof, and suitable clutch means may be interposed in the driving link indicated at 134 between motor 38 and cam shaft 37. After a predetermined time interval suficient to drive cam 29 to its extreme counterclockwise position with cam surface 29C in engagement with lever 28, relay 129 will allow contacts 132 to open deenergizing motor 33.

At the same time that larger radius portion 29C of cam 29 engages lever 2S, a large radius portion such as 29a may engage switch actuating rod 135 to open contacts 76 and '71 and close contacts 137 and 138. It will be understood that the rod 136 may be made of insulating material and carry a pair of conductive washers 71) and 137 which make contact with stationary contacts 71 and 13S in the respective positions of the rod 136. The time interval during which relay 64 maintains contact 65 in its open position after actuation of relay 551 corresponds to the time required for actuation of relay 129 and driving of carn 29 to its extreme countercloelcvise position. Thus, by the time that contact 65 of relay 64 is allowed to reclose, the circuit from source 66 will be opened between contacts and 71 so that the solenoid 34 remains deenergzed.

Upon closure of contacts 137 and 13S signalling that the cartridge is properly engaged on spindle 21, a circuit is completed from low voltage motor energizing source 149 through supply motor 25, movable Contact 125 and stationary contact 14.2, line 1413, and contacts 137 and 138 to energize motor 26 at a relatively low speed to rotate spindie 21 in the countercloekwise direction as seen in FIGURE 13 and thus to engage hooks S6 and S7.

When hooks 6 and 87 are engaged switch 1122, FIG- URE 13, is actuated closing contact FlGURF. 16, to connect direct current source 14.6 with solenod 148 of latch relay smfting armature 155 to the right as seen in FIGURE 16. The armature 155 is retained in its energized position by means of the latch which is provided at 15d and urged by means of tension spring 151 into latching engagement with the latcrr'ng head 155e diagrammatically indicated in FIGURE 16. Actuation of armature 155 shifts contacts 152, 153, 15d and 155 to the right hand position against the action or spring 172.

Shifting of contact 153 energizes take-up motor 74 from a power source 157 to begin rotating take-up reel 61, FIGURE 13, in the clockwise direction. The capstau motor S9 at this time is energized under the control of Contact 15d and contacts arms 121 and 122 in their left hand positions to rotate the capstan shaft 51 in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 13. As soon as the conductive portion 84a of tape ieader S41, FGURE 15, bridges contacts 1911, 155, soienoid 1% is energized shifting armature 1119 to the right as viewed in FEGURE 16 against the action of spring 136 to pivot pressure roller 91 against the back surface of the tape 8?; to establish driving relationship between the capstan 51 and the tape. Armature 1119 is held in its actuated position by latch 11@ to resiliently urge the pressure roiler 91 against the tape through the medium of spring 139.

At the end of movement of the tape in the forward transducing direction, conductive portion 83a on inner tape leader 33 bridges contacts 111 and 112 as indicated in FIGURE 15 to energize solenoid 113 and shift armature 116 to the right as viewed in FIGURE 16. This shifts contacts 121-12 to their right hand positions against the action of spring 183 to shift the contacts to the rewind position. Solenoid armature 116 is latched in its actuated condition by means of latch member 117.

Contacts 121 and 122 cause the reversal of the direction of rotation of capstan 51 so that the capstan is now rotated in the countercloclcwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 13. Contact 123 disconnects head 92 and connects head 92a to amplifier 153 via line 159. Contact 124 in its right hand position prepares for the energization of unlatchmg solenoid 169 under the control of contacts 160 and 1115.

Contact 125 in its right hand position provides for operation of the supply motor 26 at its rewind transducing speed, for exampie by connecting a relatively higher voltage source 161 to the supply motor under the control of contact 152 of armature 148. Contact 126 in its right hand position supplies a relatively low voltage from source 162 to the take-up motor 74 to tend to drive the reel 61 in the clockwise direction and thus insure a proper tension on the tape between the takeup reel 61 and capstan 51 as the tape is transported in the reverse Uansducing direction and wound onto the cartridge 19. With this type of energization of supply motor 25 and take-up motor 74, the clutch associated with supply spindle 21 is in effect dominant since the take-up shaft 62 is rotated in the counterclockwise direction by capstan 51. When motors 26 and 74 and solenoid 1% are deenergized at the end of the rewind operation, the momentum of the take-up reel 61 is in the direction tending to feed the tape to the cartridge 19. If necessary in a given machine a time delay relay may delay deenergization of supply motor 26 for an adjustable time after release of the capstan drive and deenergization of take-up motor 74, so as to insure that the outer tape leader 84 will be fully engaged behind shoulders 77e, 78C, FIGURE 8, before the cartridge 19 coasts to a stop. Such a time delay relay would be deenergized by opening of contact 152 but would provide a delay before opening a contact in series with source 151.

During rewind movement, when conductive portion 34a on the outer tape leader S4 crosses contacts 1%, 1115, an energizing circuit is completed for unlatch coil 16@ from one terminal of power source 164 through contact 124 in its right hand position, through unlatch coil 166, through contacts 11111 and 11,15 and to the other terminal of the power source 1154. Bnergization of solenoid 169 releases armature 155, shifting contacts 152- to their left hand positions. Shifting of contact 152 dee-nergizes (or initiates deenergization of) the supply motor 26 when then begins coasting to a stop. Shifting of Contact 153 opens the high voltage supply circuit to take-up motor 74 preventing energization thereof when armature 116 is released. Shifting of contact 154 to the left hand position opens the energizing circuit for the capstan motor 5S, and shifting of contact 155 to the left closes the energizing circuit for solenoid 175 unlatching armature 199 and allowing spring 136 to move the pressure roller 91 away from its operative position. The timing is such that the pressure roller 91 moves clear of the capstan 51 before the engaged hooks 86, 87 of the tape and threading leaders pass between the capstan shaft 51 and the pressure roller 91.

As previously described, as the cartridge 19 coasts to a stop, the threading leader 3S reaches the position indicated in FIGURE 13 where it is prevented from further travel, and the momentum of the cartridge 19 then causes the hook 87 to pivot on its pin 93, FIGURE 14, to release the hook 86. The parameters may be such that the cartridge 1g then comes to a stop prior to a further revolution thereof.

In the diagrammatic illustration, shifting of contact 152 to the left opens a current how path from sourcer 161 to capacitor 165, causing capacitor 165 to transmit a pulse lto relay 166 through rectifier 167 for actuating relay 166. The parameters of the circuit may be such that the low voltage energizing source 14.11 does not energize relay 166. Thus, relay 166 is only energized at the end of the rewind cycle.

The relay 165 may close contact 16S thereof a predetermined time after energization of relay 166 so as to allow cartridge 19 to come completely to a rest before the spindle 21 is retracted therefrom. Upon closure of contact 168, an energizing source 179 drives motor 38 in an opposite direction of rotation to drive cam 29 in the clockwise direction as viewed in FIGURE 16, thus allowing compression spring 27 to return the spindle 21 to its retracted position indicated in FIGURE 16.

When switch rod 136 reaches the position shown in FIGURE 16, contacts 7i) and 71 will again be closed energizing solenoid 34 to raise the cartridge 19 to a posi- 1 1k tion partly out of the receiving well -Where the cartridge is immediately engaged by the clamping lingers 214 and 215.

When lever 49 has reached its extreme clockwise diiection, suitable switch means such as indicated at 172 having an actuating button 173 may shift a movable contact indicated at 174 to its lower closed position to supply energy from a voltage source 176 to release solenoid 144, releasing armature 116 which is then returned to its initial position by means of spring 133.

v The electric control circuit indicated in FIGURE 16 is now ready for a further cycle of operation.

As previously mentioned, ejecting arm 35 does not interrupt the light path between source Stia and photocell 3011, and conduction in cell 3317 produces a positive pulse f which is not transmitted to relay 126 because of rectier 131. Similarly, when the clamping arms lift the cartridge out of obstructing relation between source 39 and photocell 4t), the positive pulse generated is blocked by rectier 53 and does not actuate relay 54. Y It should be understood of course, that the circuit diagram of FIGURE 16 is indicated merely by way of example to illustrate the desired operation. VMany other suitable circuit components will readily occur to those skilled in the art for carrying out the desired functions.

A series of cartridges 19 may be stored in a storage rack 210 at positions thereof designated by the numbers 1 through 10. The cartridges 19 in the storage means 210 are mounted in a row with their central axes aligned. The spools are supported in a series of compartments such as indicated at 211 which are open at the top, but are provided with spool supports engaging the lower portions of the anges 77 and 78 at the axial sides and the marginal edges thereof to confine the spools in the compartments against horizontal movement in the axial direction and against horizontal movement in the transverse or radial direction, while allowing removal of the spools from the respective compartments in the upward direction. A pivot shaft 213 is provided having an axis generally parallel tothe series of compartments and generally at the horizontal level of the centers of the spools. This pivot shaft carries a pair of clamping fingers 214 and 215 which are normally spaced in the axial direction a distance slightly greater than the width of the spools so that as the pivot shaft is rotated the clamping fingers will move into engageable relation to a selected spool with the clamping lingers disposed on opposite sides of the spool generally about the level of the center .of the spool. The clamping fingers may have rubber pads 216 and 217 at the inner surfaces thereof for engaging the Y respective flanges of the spools with a frictional grip,

whereby upon pivoting of the pivot shaft 213 in the opposite direction, the selected spool may be removed from its compartment.

The pivot shaft 213 has a threaded shaft 22) extending therein and rotatable relative thereto and this threaded shaft has oppositely threaded portions 221 and 222 with respective nuts 223 and 224 thereon which are caused to move axially toward each other and axially away from each other depending upon the direction of rotation of the threaded shaft 220. These nuts 223 and 224 have flanges extending through longitudinal slots 226 and 227 in the pivot shaft 213 and secured to the respective clamping fingers 214 and 215 at the exterior of the pivot shaft so that upon rotation of the threaded shaft in one direction the clamping lingers are moved toward each other While upon rotation of the threaded shaft in the opposite direction the clamping fingers are moved away from each other. It will be understood that the nuts 223 and 224 are lixed against rotation with the threaded shaft, for example by means of the anges thereof extending in the longitudinal slots of the pivot shaft 213. Similarly, the clamping ngers are mounted on the pivotal shaft 213 for slidable movement in the axial direction, but are prevented from rotation relative 12 to the pivot shaftVfor example by virtue of their connection with the nuts on the threaded shaft 2213.

Suitable automatic indexing means such as generally indicated at 23) is provided for moving the pivot shaft 213 in the axial direction to transversely align the pair of clamping lingers 214 and 215 with any desired cartridge. Thereafter, the mechanism is automatically energized to rotate the pivot shaft 213 to swing the clamping ngers from a vertical orientation to a horizontal orientation with the rubber pads 216 and 217 on the free ends of the clamping fingers disposed on the opposite sides of the selected spool and horizontally aligned with the central portion of the spool. By way of example, thepivot shaft 213 is iilustrated as having a reduced diameter hollow portion 213a which extends within a guide tube 232 to the end thereof where pivot shaft portion 212m has secured thereto a worm wheel sector 235. The guide tube 232 is slidably mounted by means of a guide bracket 237 but is prevented from rotation relative thereto by means of a key 233 riding in a longitudinal slot 239 of the guide tube. The worm wheel sector 235 has gear teeth 237, FGURE 4, meshing with a worm gear 238 which is driven by a motor 240 carried for movement with the guide tube 232 by any suitable means. The motor 246 may be reversibly energized from the master sequence .control means 32 so as to drive the worm wheel sector 235 through an angle of approximately 90 between stop pins 242 and 243 carried by the guide tube 232. In the position of the worm wheel sector 235 shown in FIGURE 4, the clamping fingers 214 and 215 are in their vertical orientation. When the motor 240 is energized to rotate the worm 238 in the proper direction, sector 235 is rotated about 90 counterclockwise to correspondingly shift the clamping lingers 214 and 215 to a generally horizontal orientation.

Longitudinal indexing of the clamping fingers 214, 215 is diagrammatically illustrated as being accomplished by means of a gear 251i which meshes with a linear series of teeth 251 on the guide tube 232. As seen in FIGURE 3, the gear 251i may be mounted on a shaft 253 which is driven by means of a reversible motor 255.

The shaft'229 having oppositely threaded portions 221 and 222 may be driven by means of a motor indicated at 26@ fixedly secured within the pivot shaft portion 213 and may be energized in the correct direction under the control of the master sequence control means 32. When the clamping lingers have been moved axially together by means of the oppositely threaded Vportions 221 and 222, to clamp the spool therebetween, the pivot shaft is rotated in the opposite direction by means of the reversible motor 240 under the control of the master sequence control means 32. As the clamping ngers swing back to the vertical orientation, the selected spool is lifted upwardly out or" its compartment 211. The pivot shaft may then be translated in the axial direction by means of gear 250 and guide tube 232 to move the selected spool to a position transversely aligned with the receiving well 1S of the automatic threading tape transport mechanism 1d. The tape transport mechanism 10 has its receiving Well 18 opening vertically upwardly and so aligned that the axis of spindle 21 is parallel to the axis of pivot shaft 213. The magazine receiving well 18 is so disposed that when the clamping fingers are rotated to a horizontal orientation, the spool is inserted partially into the well, for example slightly less than half way.

If desired, the ejector face 35a of ejector arm 35 may be retained at its upper level to receive the new spool directly from the clamping fingers, after which the solenoid 34 is deenergized by the master sequence control means to allow spring 52 to lower the ejector arm 35 until lever 39 engages the stop pin 48. In this position, spool 19 has its central aperture suiciently axially aligned with the spindle 21 to permit engagement of the spindle with the spool.

With the selected spool partially in the receiving well of the tape transport mechanism, the clamping lingers are moved axially away from each other by means of the oppositely threaded portions of shaft 220 to release the spool and allow the same to drop into operating position. The spindle 21 is then inserted into the spool automatically, for example in response to the presence of the spool in the magazine receiving well as previously described, and the spool may be played automatically.

After completion of the playback of the recorded tape on the spool, the spindle 21 may be automatically retracted from the magazine receiving well, and a suitable ejecting ringer such as indicated at 35 having the engaging face 35:1 is automatically energized to raise the spool until a major portion thereof projects above the well in position for reengagement with the clamping lingers. The clamping lingers are then again moved axially toward each other by means of the shaft 22) to clamp the spool, and the pivot shaft is then rotated to restore the clamping iingers to the vertical orientation and to lift the spool upwardly out of the receiving well. The pivot shaft is then actuated in the axial direction to return the spool to its compartment.

Suitable indexing mechanisms are well known to those skilled in the art for sequencing the actuations of the pivot shaft and threaded shaft as above described to automatically select any of the spools and to automatically place the same in the playback mechanism for reproduction and to automatically return the spools to the compartments.

By way of example of a suitable indexing mechanism, the guide tube 232 may carry a suitable switch 280 diagrammatically illustrated as having a fixed contact 213i and a movable contact 232. The movable contact 282 may be of magnetic electrically conductive material so as to be adapted to be moved to an open circuit position when the switch is aligned with one of the solenoids such as indicated at 256 which is energized for example from the master sequence control means 52. The solenoifs have been given members in correspondence to the position numbers of the compartments of the storage means 210. When the switch 289 is aligned with the solenoid corresponding to the desired compartment position, switch contacts 281, 232 are opened to cause deenergization of the indexing motor 255, FIGURE 3.

As an alternative example, a suitable programming card has been indicated at 290 for determining the sequence in which the cartridges 19 are delivered to the transport mechanism 10. The card 296* may be mounted in a suitable holder 292 of electrically conductive material, and :the card 295 may be of insulating material. A contact element indicated at 294 in FIGURES l and 2 may be carried on a shaft 297 which is supported for axial movement between brackets 298 and 299. Suitable key means such -as indicated at 316 and 311 may be provided for cooperating with a longitudinal groove in the shaft 297 to prevent rotation thereof while accommodating axial movement thereof relative to the brackets 29S and 299. The shaft 297 is provided with gear teeth as indicated `at 314 for meshing with a gear portion 317 on shaft 253 which is driven by motor 255, FIGURE 3. Thus, shaft 297 moves axially in precise correspondence with the axial movement of the clamping arms 214 and 25.

Instead of utilizing the switch 23h and associated solenoids 285 controlled `from the master sequence control means, energization of motor 255 may be under the control of the electric circuit including contact 294 and the la the lingers 214 and 215 at the selected corresponding cartridge.

The card 290 is moved upwardly step by step with the holder 292 relative to vertical support frame members 331 and 332 by means of a ratchet bar 333 secured to the back side of the holder 292 as seen in FIGURE 2. Thus, at the end of each cycle, master sequence control means 32 actuates a pawl drive means 346 to rotate pawl 34i in the clockwise direction, lifting ratchet bar 333 one step. A spring urged retaining pawl 342 retains the bracket in the new vertical position. The motor 255 may be energized so as to scan `from an initial position iirst in one direction along the storage means 21'` and then in the reverse direction. Thus, with the contact 294 in the position shown in FIGURE l, the contact might rst scan from the number 3 column to the number 2 column and then to the number 1 column in the new row which is designated on the card 29h. Since no opening is encountered in row E on the card with Ithe contact moving in this direction, motor 255 is reversed to cause the contact 294 to scan columns 1, 2, 3 `and 4. At column 4 of row E, an opening 355 is found which will close the electric circuit lfrom the contact 294 to the holder 292 and -thus cause deenergization of motor 255 in the same Way as though the number 4 solenoid 286 had been energized -by the master sequence control means 32. lt will be apparent that if a series of ten contacts such as indicated at 294 were mounted in a horizontal row to simultaneously scan columns 1 through it? of card 290, the circuits of the respective contacts could control corresponding solenoids 285 so that in this case the card 29h would control which of the solenoids 286 was energized in each successive cycle corresponding to rows A through H on card 299.

Summary of Operation of the Embodz'ment of FIGURES l Through 4 ln operation of the embodiment `of FIGURES l through 4, lassuming tape transport mechanism 1t)` is empty and ready to receive a new cartridge master sequence control means 32 may either directly select `the next cartridge associated with storage `means 219 to be played by energizing one of the solenoids 286, or may actuate the pawl drive 349 so as to raise program card 290 one step, allowing the program card 29@ to select Ithe next cartridge to be played. In either event, motor 255, PIG- URES 1 and 3, is next energized to move guide tube 232 and Iindexing shaft 297 from position 3 shown, for example through positions 2 and 1. If neither position 2 nor l has been selected, motor 255 will be reversed by means for the master sequence control means 52 to move tube 232 and shaft 297 in the opposite direction for scanning of positions l through 1G in sequence. lf solenoid 286 at position 4 has been energized, switch 250 will be actuated when aligned with the position 4 solenoid to stop motor 255. Similarly, opening 35() in row E of card 290 which is at position 4 of the card will be engagedl by contact 294 on shaft 297 to energize an electric circuit through the card holder 292 `and stop motor 255, if this circuit is energized for controlling the motor 255 instead of the solenoids 236.

ln either event, clamping fingers 214 and 215 will be stopped in alignment with the number 4 position of storage means 2i@ for lifting of the cartridge specifically designated 19d from its compartment by means of the motor 240 at the right hand end of the tube 232, FIGURES l1 and 4. The motor 250 within the pivot shaft 213 controls :the clamping action of the fingers 214 and 215.

When a cartridge such as cartridge 19d has been lifted from its compartment by the clamping lingers, the motor 255 is energized to move the arms to a position in alignment with the receiving well 1S of the tape transport mechanism. Motor 240 is now -again energized to lower the selected cartridge into the well, and thereafter the motor 269 is energized .to cause the clamping lingers 214 Vand 215 to release `the cartridge.

The cartridge is suitably positioned in the well with its Central aperture in substantial alignment with the retracted end of spindle 21. The spindle A21 is then projected into the Well to press the cartridge 19 against the wall 29 and thereafter to press the spring urged detent 46 through the central aperture and into overlying relation to .the flange 77 of the cartridge. The spindle 21 is now retracted slightly to space the cartridge from Ithe wall 2G for free rotationsin the well V18. With the cartridge 19 properly positioned on the spindle 21 as seen in FIGURE 13, the spindle 21 is driven at slow speed in the counterclockwise direction to engage hook 85 on `the tape leader 84 with hook 87 on the threading leader 88. Tensioning of the threading leader 88 actuates switch 102 lto energize motor 74. When the hooks 86 and 87 have travelled passed the Vcapstan shaft 51, contacts l100, 105 in FIGURE 13 cause energization of the solenoid 188 yto press the roller 91 against the back side of the tape and Ithus engage the tape with the capstan shaft 51. Capstan drive motor 59 is also energized to transport Ithe 4tape past the transducer head 92v at a speed controlled by the capstan shaft 51.

When the tape 82 has been substantially completely Wound on the take-up reel 61, electric contacts 111 and 112, FIGURE 13, are bridged by conductive film 83a, FIGURE 15, on the inner tape leader 83 to interrupt transport of the tape in the forward direction and to initiate rewind of the tape onto the cartridge 19. If desired, capstan motor 59 may be energized in a reverse directionY and a suitable transducer head 92a provided cooperating with a second channel on the tape so that the capstan 51 controls movement of the tape past the second head 92a at a suitable transducing speed. Such second transducer head may, of course, be positioned between the capstan shaft 51 and the take-up reel 61.

Near the end of the rewind operation, suitable means such as contacts 10G, 195 and conductive film 84a, FIG- URE 15, may deenergize solenoid 108 prior to the time when the hooks 86, 87 travel between the capstan shaft 51 and pressure roller 91. The same means may deenergize the motor 38 driving spindle 21 in the counterclockwise direction at the relatively higher speed, so that the cartridge 19 begins to coast to a stop. The momentum is such that hook 85 causes hook 87 seen in FIG- URE 14 to pivot about shaft 93 when the threading leader 88 reaches the position shown in FIGURE 13 to disengage the hooks 86 and 87. The cartridge 19 may now stop in less than l revolution and be ejected from the receiving well 18 by means of the arms 35.

With the cartridge held out of the well 18 by means of the ejectingarm 35, clamping fingers 214 and 215 are again engaged with the cartridge, pivoted to the vertical orientation, returned to the position of the storage cartridge on the storage means 210 and pivoted to return the cartridge to its storage compartment.

The mechanism is now ready for a further cycle, and if the cycle is to be under the control of the card 291), the master sequence control means actuates pawl Vdrive component 340 to lift the card 298 one step for scanning of roW F on the card yby the contact 294.

It will be understood that the sequence of operation, for example utilizing a programming means such as card 290, may be entirely automatic. Thus the master sequence control means may receive a signal each time a step in the sequence of operation has been completed and initiate a further step in response to such signal.

Embodiment f FIGURES 5-8 FIGURES through 8 illustrate a further embodiment of the present invention wherein cartridges 19 are stored in a series of racks such as indicated at 419, 411 and 412. Each compartment in the racks may be defined by a pair of side Walls such as indicated at 415, a center Wall 416 and a shelf member 417. r

Suitable conveyor means 43'is diagrammatically indicated for registering with any one of the selected storage compartments andfor receiving a cartridge therefrom. By Way of example, the conveyor mechanism is illustrated as comprising a pair of horizontal tracks 432 and 433 receiving rollers such as indicated at 435 and 436 of a horizontal traversing mechanism 438. The horizontal traversing frame 438 slidably mounts a vertically reciprocating shaft 44rby means of a suitable bearing indicated at 441. A motor 444 is indicated in FIGURE 6 having an output shaft 445 for driving a gear 447 meshing with gear teeth 448 on the shaft 440 to raise and lower the shaft 440. The motor 444 is mounted on a transverse carriage 450 having rollers such as indicated at 451 and 452 riding on the horizontal frame 438 for guiding movement of shaft 440- transversely along the length of horizontal frame 438. A further motor diagrammatically indicated at 460 in FIGURE 5 may have Va shaft 461 driving a gear 462 meshing with a rack gear 464 on the horizontal frame 438 as seen in FIGURE 6. Suitable motor means are diagrammatically indicated at 468 and 469 for driving rollers 435 and 436 to Vmove the entire horizontal frame 438.

As indicated in FIGURE 5, a carriage mechanism 589 is carried at the lower end of shaft 440 and is provided with clamping fingers 570 and 571, FIGURE l1 for transferring cartridges from the racks to a tray 600 carried by mechanism 580. The cartridges may be un loaded from the carriage 580 directly into the slotV 18 of the automatic transport-mechanism 10, FIGURE 5, by means of the pivotally mounted clamping arms 578 and 571-, best seen in FIGURES l1 and 12, or alternatively the pivotally mounted clamping arms 570 and 571 may transfer the cartridges from the carriage 580 to aturntable arrangement 485. The carriage mechanism 580 is described in detail in connection With the embodiment of FIGURES 9 and 10, hereinafter.

The turntable 485 may have an annular recess 487, FIGURE 7, of cross section configuration to slidably receive the cartridges which are arranged in successive abutting relation. The conveyor mechanism of FIG- URE 5 is programmed in any desired manner to deliver a succession of cartridges to the turntable 485 from a position such as indicated at 580a in FIGURES 5 and5A.-

When it is desired to transfer a particular cartridge from the turntable 485 to the playing mechanism 10, the turntable 485 may be rotated in the direction of the arrow 499 to move the successive cartridges past photoelectric scanning means indicated at 493 in FIGURE 5A.

As indicated in FIGURE 8, the outer tape leader 84 may have a series of alternate light and dark bands olfset in the axial direction and representing a suitable code identification of the particular record tape on the cartridge. When the desired record cartridge is recognized by the photoelectric scanning means 493, the turntable 485 is brought to a stop with this desired cartridge in alignment with the transfer arms 480 and 481. The cartridge is then transferred to the slot 18 for playing in exactly the same manner as described in connection with FIGURE 1. I

When the cartridge has been played, it may be returned to its original position on the turntable 485Y or to any other desired position. While one cartridge is being played, a cartridge to be discharged from the turntable 485 may be sensed by photoelectric scanning means 493 and positioned for example at the location designated 497 in operative relation to the clamping ngers 570 and 571 of the conveyor mechanism for transfer to tray 600 of the mechanism located at lposition 58011. Simply by way of example, depending on the particular application, the conveyor mechanism 580 may incorporate photoelectric scanning means for sorting the returning cartridges in accordance with the particular rows such as 410 and 411, 412 and the particular side of a row to which the cartridge is assigned. Thus, the returning cartridges could be accumulated in tray 600 for automatic replacement at any desired point in the operating sequence of the system.

As an alternative, storage in the racks 4lll4l2 may be in random order, with a seeking mechanism, for example of a photoelectric type, for scanning the leaders such as indicated at 84 in FIGURE 8 of each of the stored cartridges until the desired one is found. Cartridges are preferably searched in a sequence related to the frequency with which such cartridges have been used in the past. Thus the most used cartridges are preferably closest to the playing machine and the first ones searched, while the ones seldom called for will generally be in the last part of the storage racks lil-4&2 and the last ones searched. Thus, in a random system, when searching for a particular cartridge, photoelectric scanning means 493 would first scan the cartridges associated with turntable 495. A tray 491 identical to tray dit@ in FGURE ll on a suitable indexing device 492 might be provided receiving cartridges which were in excess of the capacity of turntable 495 via clamping fingers 5M and 5&2, and a scanning mechanism 494 would then scan the cartridges of this linearly indexing tray from the last cartridge received to the first cartridge received in sequence. If a cartridge in the tray 491 were the one desired, this cartridge would be stopped by the scanner 494 in alignment with transfer fingers Sill, SiiZ, transferred bacl; to turntable 495, and brought to the transfer position for fingers 430, 431 by scanning means 493.

From the intermediate storage facility provided by indexing means 492 and tray 4&1, cartridges may be transferred to an empty rack and stored in a predetermined order. For example, if rack di@ were entirely without spools at the beginning of operation, successive returned cartridges would be returned to successive compartments in a row, until filled, then the next row and so forth. If the cartridge were not found on turntable 495 or on the tray 491 at position 492, scanning would then take place along the rows beginning with the last cartridge delivered by the rack and continuing along each row, scanning the cartridges in the reverse of the time order in which the cartridges were stored in the racks. The photoelectric scanning means for carriage 589 may be carried at any suitable position so as to scan successive horizontal rows of cartridges as motors 46? and 45? cause the carriage 580 to move in a horizontal plane along the row.

To illustrate in detail the preferred manner of storing cartridges in undesignated locations for scanning in order of frequency of use, means are shown in connection with FIGURES 5 and 7 for placing cartridges on turntable 4% in order of last use. This same principle is also applicable, of course, the linear storage, as in a series of racks similar to those in FIGURE 5.

By way of illustration of the frequency of use ordering of cartridges, let it be assumed for simplicity, that cartridges are collected by the transfer mechanism 5% and delivered directly to the transducing machine it) from the position 58Go, FIGURE 5, in the desired order. Further, assume that after use of each successive cartridge, the cartridge is transferred by means of the transfer arms 570, 571 of the transfer apparatus 589 from the transducer machine to the position 497 on the turntable 495. 'With the angular orientation of the turntable shown in FIG- URE 7, position 1 of the turntable coincides with transfer position 497, so that the used cartridge is delivered to position number 1 of the turntable.

Prior to a subsequent transfer of a used cartridge to position 497, an arm 510 is actuated by means or a solenoid 511 to pivot about a central shaft 5212 fixed to the turntable 495 to rotate therewith. Arm 5l@ may be provided with a sleeve 513 to accommodate pivotal action of the arm 519 relative to the turntable shaft 512. As seen in FIGURE 7, the arm 5l@ may be moved from a position in engagement with a stop pin 5l5 on turntable 495 to a position in contact with stop pin Sid on the turntable, the movement of the arm 51% being resisted by means of a spring 517 having one end connected to the arm 5i@ and its opposite end secured to a convenient point on the turntable 4%. The arm 5l@ is provided with a semi-circular depending portion Silla, FIGURE 5A, which ts into the semi-circular recess d? of the turntable. Thus, as the arm 51d moves in the counterclockwise direction relative to the turntable, the cartridge at position number 1 on the turntable is shifted to position number 2 on the turntable. Solenoid Sli is then deenergized, allowing spring 5l? to return the arm 5l@ in the clockwise direction to its initial position against stop 531;?. The next cartridge from the transducer maclr'ne l@ is then transferred to position 1, for example by means of the arms 57d and 57i of the transfer mechanism 589, FIGURES ll and l2. Solenoid 5H is then again energized to shift the cartridge to position 2, at the same time moving the cartridge formerly at position 2 to position 3 on the turntable. It will be appreciated that the cartridges of the present invention may be of rela tively small diameter in comparison to their axial extent particularly zby virtue of the confronting flange portions such as indicated at 77C, 73C in FIGURE 8 so as to have relatively great stability when supported by a conforming semi-circular surface such as provided by recess 487. A substantial number of cartridges may be shifted as a group in the circumferential direction along the groove 487 by means of a suitable actuating arm such as indicated at 51d when energized by a prime mover of sutiicient power. Any suitable means such as numerous overlapped small diameter rollers may be provided defining the wall of recess 487 to facilitate the shifting of a group of cartridges along .the length of the groove. Assuming a sequence of cartridges which may be designated by the letters A through I have in sequence been transferred to the transducer machine for playing and then to the turntable in the sequence A, B, C, l and I, then the cartridges would be arranged on 4the turntable with cartridge l at position l, cartridge I at position 2, cartridge H at position 3 on the turntable, and so forth.

The transfer mechanism 5S@ having delivered the cartridges A through l to the transducer machine l@ may return to the library for searching to collect a further group of cartridges in accordance with a predetermined program. It may be assumed for convenience that if the next cartridge to be played is cartridge l, the same cartridge which has just been played, the apparatus will be programmed either to leave the cartridge in the transducing machine without transfer to position 1 of the turntable, or else after transfer mechanism 580 is removed from position Shim, transfer arms 436, 481 are simply actuated to return the cartridge J to the 4transducing machine Without any scanning or searching being necessary.

lf, however, some other cartridge is next to be delivered to the macmne, a motor 52d in driving relation to the turntable 49S is energized to rotate the tur-ntable -in the clockwise direction with scanning means 493 scanning the successive caru'idges as they travel from a position slightly in advance of transfer position 497 into the transfer position. The point of scanning is such that if the desired cartridge is recognized by the scanning means 493, Ithe turntable will be brought to la stop with this cartridge occupying trmsfer position 497. To facilitate this operation, a ratchet type drive may index the turntable in successive steps to move successive cartridges into position 497 in sequence. Thus, the cartridges on the turntable 495 are scanned beginning with cartridge J last used and continuing in order through cartridge A occupying position 1() on the turntable.

if cartridge F is the one desired, the turntable will be stopped with position 5 thereof registering with the transfer position 497 and aligned with ltransfer arms 43%, dgl.

:ln order to facilitate engagement of the transfer arms ddd, with the cartridges such las cartridge F, the

l cartridges may be provided with annular ribs such as indicated at 521 and 522 in FIGURE 8 having sloping radially outer surface portions 521er, 522:1 for facilitating movement `of the transfer arms between successive abutting spools on the turntable. The transfer arms 4S@ and y431 may have relatively sharp edges las indicated at 48611 and '48M for coacting with the sloping surfaces such -as 521a and 522a to wedge between and separate the selected cartridge from adjacent cartridges such as cartridges E and G in the present instance. The transfer arms may further have generally disklilre protuberances 523 and 524 of Ioutside diameter Aless than the inside diameter of the ribs 521 land 522 so as to fit .into the centralspace surrounded by the respective ribs. This arrangement provides a positive locking action to eliminate any possibility of the selected cartridge slipping out of engagement with the transfer fingers during the transfer operation.

As the-transfer fingers 486, itil move into engageable relation to the selected cartridge, the spacing between the confronting faces of disk projection portions 52.3 and 521i on the transfer arms may be slightly greater than the overall axial dimension between kthe outside surfaces of ribs 521 and 522. in this event, the outside surfaces of transfer arms 41% and 481 as indicated at 480i: and 451i will have a separation which is less than the minimum separation between the adjacent flanges of adjacent spools taking into account the manufacturing tolerances with respect to the indexing of the successive cartridges into the transfer position 497. Designating the adjacent cartridges as cartridges E and G, transfer finger 481 will move downwardly with its surface 48115 in slightly spaced relation to the flange 78 of cartridge E, while surface 480!) will correspondingly be in slightly spaced relation to the surface of flange '77 of cartridge G. The lower ends of the Vfingers 480e and 481e will then engage the sloping surface portions 521m of cartridge G, and 522a of cartridge E forcing the cartridges VE and G in opposite axial direction away from the selected cartridge F. When the locking protuberances 523 and 524 are in direct axial alignment with the center of the selected cartridge, the fingers 486 and 481 are moved toward each other in the same way as described for the clamping fingers 214 and 215 in FIGURE 1 to lock the protuberances 523 and 524 within the recesses defined by the ribs 521 and 522.

The transfer arms 480 and 4S1 are now rotated through approximately 180 to place a substantial proportion of the periphery of the selected cartridge within the receiving well 18 of the transducing machine 1t). When the transfer arms 480 and 481 are now axially separated, the selected cartridge is released and delivered into the operative position within the well 1S.

After play of the cartridge, the cartridge may be returned to a desired position on the turntable by means o'f transfer arms 4S@ and 481.

If as is preferred, the cartridge F is not returned to position 5 `on the turntable, but is placed in advance of cartridge l, the turntable may be indexed to place position 1 thereof in registry with transfer position 497 while cartridge F is being played in the transducer machine 10. Thereafter, solenoid 511 is energized to shift arm ,510 from its position against stop Si to its position against pin 516, moving cartridges l, l, H and G to turntable positions 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The arm 518 may be effectively locked against the pin Sie, for exam-V ple by energization of solenoid 534 to project armature 535 into blocking relation to surface 5101; of the arm 516 against the action of a suitable return spring 536. Motor 526 may then be energized to press arm 527 against cartridge A and return cartridges A through E to positions 10, 9, 8, 7 and 6, respectively, cartridge E being moved into engagement with cartridge G at turntable position 5'. At this time cartridge G is at position 5, cartridge l-I is at position 4, cartridge I is at position 3 and cartridge l Vis at position 2.

After motor 526 has been deenergized, solenoid 534 is deenergized to allow spring 536 to retract armature 535, and solenoid Sli is thereafter deenergized to allow return of arm 5i() by means of spring 517.

When cartridge F has been played, transfer arms 430 and 481 reengage their protuberances 523 and 524 with the central recesses defined by ribs 521 and 522, and the arms are pivoted through substantially 180 in the opposite direction to return cartridge F to the turntable at position number l. Y

From the foregoing, it will be apparent that if the cartridge F is one which is frequently used, it will remain in a low numbered position on the turntable 495 and will be scanned near the beginning of a search cycle for a new cartridge. The system wherein a cartridge is placed ahead of all other cartridges after each use results in greatly enhanced speed of operation, where-certain cartridges are utilized much more frequently than others. in such a case, the system tendsto progressively arrange the cartridges in order of frequency of use, while at the same time readily adjusting to a situation where other cartridges come to be more frequently used. The system is thus continuously self-correcting for any new patterns in the use of the various cartridges of the library.

While the turntable arrangement of FIGURES 5 and 7 illustrates the principle of arranging a cartridge in accordance with its frequency of use in the scanning sequence, in practice it would be preferable to arrange all of the cartridges in the library in the same manner. This would be accomplished by utilizing linear storage means cornparable to the turntable of FIGURE 7. Thus the storage shelves could have a straight elongated groove corresponding in cross section to the groove 487 of FIGURE 5Ay and having a series of cartridge positions which may be designated 1 through 100, for example. The cartridge would first be stored in the turntable 495, and as the capacity of the turntable 495 were exceeded, cartridges would be returned to the linear storage groove.

Assuming, by way of example, that the turntable 495 has 22 effective positions, and that the 22nd position thereon is in register with transfer position 537 in FIG- URE 7, the transfer arm means 547 and 548 could be actuated each time the turntable is in its position shown in FIGURE 7 after deenergization of the motor 5,26.V

Thus, after the cartridges are compacted in positions 2 through 22 and motor 526 deenergized, the transfer arms 547 and 548 will remove any cartridge at position 22 and deliver it to position 1 of the linear storage rack which has been diagrammatically indicated at 539 in FIGURE 7. After each delivery of a cartridge to the semi-circular groove portion 53% of rack 539, a pusher device 54h is energized to shift the cartridge from position 1 to position 2. Thus successive cartridges delivered from the 22 position on turntable 495 are arranged in aligned abutting relation on the rack 539 the most recent arrival being positioned at position number 1 on the linear rack.

When a series of cartridges, for example, is on the rack 539, transfer'ngers corresponding to 547 and 548 may transfer the cartridge at position 100 of rack 539 to position 1 of a further rack having a further pusher device such as 540. This transfer device at position 100 on rack 539 may, of course, operate after each actuation of pusher Se@ so as to remove any cartridge which reaches position 100 and begin filling a new rack in an analogous manner. A counteracting pusher such as indicated at 541 may be energized after actuation of pusher 540 and while the pusher element 540:: is locked at position 2 so as to maintain the cartridges in the compact abutting relationshipV even though cartridges may be removed at some point along the rack 539.

A linear scanning and pick-up mechanism 543 is indicated for scanning positions 2 through 100 of the rack 539 and for removing any desired cartridge from the rack in exactly the same manner as just described for the transfer arms 48@ and 431. In operation, in searching for a.

desired cartridge, turntable l-S would first be rotated to enable scanner 493 to scan positions 2 through 2l. If the desired cartridge Were not on the turntable 4%', scanner device 543 would then be actuated to scan the cartridges at positions 2 t 1rough 1GO of rack 539. Assuming a cartridge X at position 5 on the rack 539 was the one sought, the transfer fingers and Se associated with scanner Se?, would be stopped in alignment with position 5 of the rack 539 and would be pivoted into engagement with cartridge X in exactly the manner indicated in FIGURE 8 with respect to cartridge F and transfer fingers During engagement of the transfer nngers and 545 With cartridge X, cartridges U, V and W at positions 2, 3 and 4 might be shifted slightly to the right as viewed in FIGURE 7, and for this reason it is preferred that pusher S65-19 be again actuated before transfer of a further cartridge to position l of rack 539.

The path of transfer arms 544 and 5de" of the scanner 543 may be slightly above the position of transfer arms S47 and 543 shown in FIGURE 7 so that with the transfer arms 547 and 548 returned to a position closely adjacent position l on rack 539, cartridge X could be transferred a desired position such as position l on turntable 495 by arms 544 and 545. The operation of pusher dei? and arms Sel-7 and 548 would, of course, be coordinated so that the arms S-'i' and 54S are out of position l of rack 53E when the pusher Se@ is operated.

With cartridge X at position l of turntable 495, the turntable 95 may be actuated by motor 526, for example in the counterclccliwise direction, to bring cartridge X adjacent the transfer position 497. if, as is preferred, the searching operation is completed While an earlier selection is being played, cartridge X is shifted to position 2 by actuation of arm 5l@ during indexing of the turntable to place position l thereof at transfer position dit?.

After return of cartridge X from the transducer machine to position l on the turntable 495, a further cartridge which may be designated T may be transferred from position 22 on turntable @5 to position l of rack 539. Pusher Se@ is then actuated to shift cartridge T to position 2 and cartridge U, V and W to positions 3, 4 and 5, respectively. Thereafter, counteracting pusher Sel would be actuated to push subsequent cartridges such as Y and Z into positions 6 and 7 with cartridge Y in contact with cartridge W. After operation of the counteracting pusher 541, pusher Sdi) would be unlocked and deenergized to allow return of the pusher element Sfida to its initial position shown in FIGURE 7.

It will be apparent that with this mode of operation and storage of cartridges, the entire library of cartridges would ultimately be arranged in accordance with their past history of use so that the most frequently used cartridges would tend to be scanned first and would be closest to the transducer mechanism in terms of path of delivery from their storage position to the Well lf3.

1Where it Was desired to use racks such as indicated at 4194312 in FIGURE 5, and to store cartridges without regard to frequency of use, transfer from the turntable 395' could be by lmeans of transfer fingers 5m and 592 to an indexing type tray receptacle 422 operating in the same manner as the indexing mechanism 8533, iid/l for tray 26 in FIGURES 9 and l0, In this case, when the turntable 4% Was not otherwise in use, position 22 thereof would be placed in register with transfer position 552. With the proper compartment of tray 491 aligned With the arms 501, 592, the arms would be moved into envagement with the cartridge at position 22 of the turntable in the same manner as described for arms 489, -l, and the cartridge would be transferred to the next position of the tray 491. For example, if positions l, 2 and 3 of the tray 491 had previously been filled in succession, the next cartridge would be placed in position 4 on the tray. The tray 491 Would then be indexed by means of the indexing support mechanism 492 as described hereinafter in detail in connection with FIGURES 9 and l0, to shift position 5 of the tray into alignment with the transfer arms Elli, En?.

in order to provide clearance, arm 527 may be shifted slightly counterclochwise by reverse energization of motor 526 before a cartridge adjacent thereto is picked up by arms 48rd, 4&1; Sill, 502; or 54:7, 548. Arm 5Std when against stop SiS may be spaced from position l by an amount to clear arm 5%2 or 5037 as it delivers a cartridge to the number l position on the turntable.

When a scanning operation is undertaken for cartridge on the turntable or tray e191, the tray Si is indexed to a zero position, for example, having no cartridge therein during the time when scanning mechanism 493 is scanning positions 2 through 22 of turntable 4%'.V If the desired cartridge is not on the turntable, tray 4M is then indexed past the scanning device 494 to scan positions l through l() on the tray. If the cartridge is at one of the tray positions, this position is automatically stopped in direct alignment with the transfer arms o'tl and 502, and at the same time empty position No. l on the turntable 495 is moved into registry With transfer position 552 to receive the desired cartridge from the tray 4%. The turntable 495 is then rotated to move position No. l thereof into transfer position @7. The pusher arm 510 may be actuated to shift this cartridge to position No. 2 on the turntable if a cartridge is already in machine itl and must be transferred to position No. l on the turntable before the new cartridge is delivered to the machine. After play of the new cartridge by the transducer machine, the cartridge would be returned to position l on the turntable and the cartridge then occupying position 22 on the turntable would be moved to transfer position S52 for transfer to a desired position on the tray 493i, for example the position number 4 just vacated by the previously mentioned cartridge.

At any convenient time in the cycle, for example when the tray 491 Was completely filled, the transfer mechanism 558i) could remove the tray from indexing mechanism 492 and substitute an empty tray therefor.

Summary of Operation of Embodiment of FIGURES 5 Through 8 Where the system of FIGURES 5 through 8 represents a storage system with a predetermined location for each individual cartridge, suitable programming means or manual signalling means may supply a request to the conveyor 439 for a certain cartridge which may be any one in the library. The conveyor 43@ then idexes according to the cartridge number called for to select the correct cartridge from the racks lil-45.2.

The cartridge may be de.ivered from the carriage 5S@ at position 58d-fz, FiGURE 5, either directly to the automatic threading transducer machine l@ or to the intermediate storage turntable 495 by means of transfer arms 5753 and 57i, FlGURE ll. if the cartridge is placed on turntable .95 for later use, it is selected by rotating the turntable in the direction of the arrow 4% With scanning means 4% scanning the coded number on the tape leader S4 of each cartridge, FIGURE 8, as it is moved past the transfer position designated by reference numeral 497.

e turntable is immediately stopped with the correct cartridge at position 497 and transfer fingers 4M), 481 transfer the cartridge to the playing mechanism 10 for playing in the same manner as described With respect to FIG- URES l, 13 and 16. f

After play of the selected cartridge, the cartridge is returned to the turntable 495 by means of transfer fingers Si? and 435i and may be returned to its correct position in racks 419-412 by any suitable means. For example, transfer ingers 563i and 5%2 in FIGURE 7 may remove the cartridge from the turntable 4% and deliver it to a suitable tray 491 identical to tray '726 in FIGURE l0 and having suitable tray indexing means 492 corresponding to that shown at S and 894 in FIGURE l0. When fully loaded the tray dgl may be picked up by transfer mechanism 589, and the cartridges thereon returned to their respective predetermined locations in the racks 410-412.

Suitable control means for the turntable 495 and the conveyor mechanism are, of course, well within the skill of the-art. The return of cartridges from turntable 495 may be programmed in advance or the carriage 580 may include a scanning means for determining the code numbers of the cartridge thereon, and a computer may then control the conveyor 436 to return each cartridge to the storage location corresponding to the output of such scanning means produced by the cartridge.

If the embodiment of FIGURES through 8, the cartridges are tobe scanned beginning with the cartridges most frequently used and progressing toward the less frequently used cartridges, the turntable may be utilized with a series of racks such as indicated at 539 which accommodate sliding movement of the cartridges. Thus, the turntable 495 in conjunction with the racks such as 539 may constitute an embodiment entirely separate from the system including racks 410-412 and indexing mechanism 492. The operation hereinafter described will assume that racks 410-412 and indexing mechanism 492 are not to be employed in the system.

With the system operating under these conditions, it may be assumed that cartridges occupy positions 2-22 of the turntable and positions 2-99 on rack 539.

Turntable 495 would be indexed to place its number 22 position at transfer station 537 and transfer arms 547 and S48-Would transfer any cartridge at position 22 of the turntable to position 1 of rack 539 after which pusher device 541? would be actuated to shift the cartridges respectively to positions 2 through 100. Counteracting pusher 541 would then act against the cartridge at position while pusher 549 continued to act on the cartridgeat position 2 so as to insure that the cartridges at position`2 so as to insure that the cartridges at positions 2 through 100 are in abutting contact. Thereafter, pusher 541 lwould be deenergized and thereafter pusher 540 would be deenergized to return pusher element 540a to a position to the right of position 1 on rack 539. A transfer apparatus similar to that at 547, 548 would then remove the cartridge at position 100 of rack 539 and trans-` fer it to position l of a second rack, a second pusher corresponding to 540 then shifting the cartridge to position 2 of the second rack and holding the cartridgein position 2 While a second counteracting pusher corresponding to 541 insures that all cartridges of the group on the second rack are in abutting contact at their proper stations.

With positions 2 through 99 of rack 539 occupied and positions 2,through 21 of turntable 495 occupied, the programming means for the system might call for delivery of a new cartridge to the transducing machine 10, which may be assumed to be empty.

In searching for the desired cartridge, turntable 495 would be rotated in the clockwise direction and scanning device 493 Would scan the tape leaders 84, FIGURE 8, for the combination of dark and light stripes designating the desired cartridge. If none of the cartridges at positions 2 through 21 of turntable 495 contain the desired cartridge, the turntable would be brought to a stop with position 1 (now empty) at transfer station 537.

Scanning device 543 would now scan positions 2 through 100 of rack 539 in that order. If the desired cartridge were at position 5 of rack 539, for example, and Were designated cartridge X, scanning device 543 would immediately berbrought to a stop with transfer arms 544 and 545 aligned with position 5 of rack 539. The lingers would then move into engageable relation with the cartridge X, clamp the cartridge therebetween, and rotate approximately 90 to a generally vertically upward orientation. V The scanning device would then index to a position in alignment with transfer position 537. The transfer arms 544, 545 would then rotate in an arc of 90 to place the selected cartridge at position l of turntable 495, after which the turntable would rotate, for example in the counterclockwise direction to place position 1 of the turntable in registry With transfer position 497. Transfer arms 4%, 481 would then move the cartridge X to the Well 1S of the transducer machine 10, and the cartridge would be played in the manner described in connection with the embodiment of FIGURES 1 through 4.

During play of the cartridge X, solenoid 511 would be energized and locked against the cartridge at position 2, and motor 526 would be energized, to press arm 527 against the last cartridge on the turntable insuring that all Ithe cartridges Were in compact abutting relationship. Motor 526 would then be deenergized, solenoid 534 deenergized to unlock arm 516, and solenoid 511 deenergized to allow spring 517 to return arm 519 to its position against stop 515. Position No. 1 Would now again be supplied with the cartridge next to be played. Solenoid 511 would now be energized to shift this cartridge to position No. 2 of the turntable. .By the end of play of cartridge X, the turntable would be in the position shown in FIGURE 7, with cartridges compactly arranged in positions 2 through 21 of the turntable and with positions 1 and 22 of the turntable empty. The cartridge next to be played would be at position 2 of the turntable.

Cartridge X would be transferred by arms 480, 481 to position 1 on the turntable, and the new cartridge at position 2 would vbe* delivered to the transducer machine for playing` Solenoid 511 is now energized to shift cartridge X to positionV 2. Motor 526 is again energized to insure a compact arrangement of cartridges; any cartridge at position 22 on the turntable woud be returned to position 1 of the linear rack 539 in readiness for a further cycle.

In this embodiment, it willy be apparent that each cartridge after use is returned to the'tirst position scanned in searching for a new cartridge. As the system continues in operation over a period of time, the cartridges which are most frequently used will beV nearest the transducing machine 1i) and will be the ones rst scanned Vin searching for a new cartridge to be played. VIn this way, the average searching time'for a cartridge to be played is minimized, and yet the system readily learns to adapt to a new set of circumstances Where other cartridges may be more frequently used.

Embodiment of FIGURES 9 and 10 FIGURES 9 and 10 illustrate a further embodiment of the invention characterized by the provision of means for delivering cartridges from a linearly movable multi-compartment tray to a non-shifting spindle type transducing machine. The conveyor mechanism for this embodiment may include the conveyor 430 and the carriage S illustrated in FIGURES 5, 6, 11 and 12. The system may use a volume type storage of cartridges in a series of racks such as indicated at 410-412 in FIGURE 5 and at 560 in FIGURE l2. Each rack may comprise a center wall such as 561, and a succession of side walls such asindicated at 562, and bottom vvalls such as 564 defining the successive compartments for Y receiving individual cartridges indicated at 19. The cartridges may have annular ribs such as 521 and 522 in FIGURE 8 to facilitate removal of the cartridges from the compartments. The transfer device 580 of FIGURES 5, 1l and 12 is utilized to deliver loaded trays of cartridges to the indexing mechanism 863, 864. Where the cartridges are not to be used with a sliding feed turntable or the like, the cartridges may have at sides-omitting ribs 521 and 522 shown in FIGURE 8, but such ribs have the advantage of spacing the outer portion of the cartridge 19 from the opposite side Walls of the compartments to allow the clamping fingers 570 and 571 of the transfer device to be reliably inserted into the compartments on opposite sides of the outer peripheral portion of the cartridge 19. The supporting walls 564 of rack 560 have a suitable slope toward the center wall 561 so as to reliably retain the cartridges in the respective compartments.

The carriage mechanism generally designated by the reference numeral 586 may have a pair of suspending arms 581 and 582 suitably secured to a depending mechanism such as indicated at 440 in FIGURE which may be moved in rectilinear horizontal directions as well as up and down. rl`he carriage 5S() may further include a cross piece 584 supporting an inner shuttle frame 587 for movement parallel thereto. Simply by way of example, the shuttle 537 has been illustrated as being slidably supported on the cross bar 584, at the upper edge face of the cross bar. The lower edge of the cross bar 534 has been shown as having a series of rack teeth 590 meshing with a pinion type gear 591 on the shaft of a motor 592. The motor 592 is thus operative to move the shuttle 587 horizontally along the cross bar S84 to align clamping fingers 579, 571 with any one of the cartridges 19 carried by tray 606 which is supported from the arms 531 and 582.

Mounting arms 619 and 611 are pivotally carried on a shaft 612 between mounting brackets 614 and 615 depending from shuttle 587. A motor 620 is indicated as having a suitable worm gear 622 driven thereby and meshing with a worm wheel 624 freely carried on the shaft 612. Motor 620 is operative to rotate mounting arms 61@ and 611 and the mounting shaft 612 relative to brackets 614 and 615.

A motor is diagrammatically indicated at 632 whose casing is secured to worm wheel 624 and whose rotor is secured to shaft 612. The shaft 612 has oppositely threaded portions 635 and 636 engaging nuts 637 and 638 on mounting arms 610 and 611. It will be appreciated that shaft 612 is freely rotatably mounted by brackets 614 and 615, while gear 624 and motor cas'mg 632 are prevented from rotation relative to nuts 637 and 63S. To indicate this diagrammatically, pins 65%) and 651 have been indicated which are secured to the motor casing 632 and to gear 624 but extend through openings in nuts 637 and 638 to prevent rotation thereof while allowing axial movement of the nuts toward and away from the motor casing 632 and gear 624.

A further motor 66) has been indicated having pinion gear shafts 661 and 662 driving rack teeth 663 and 664 on clamping fingers 570 and 571 to retract and extend the fingers. The fingers 570 and 571 are guided for such longitudinal movement relative to support arms 616 and 611 by any suitable means.

Thus to remove a selected cartridge 19 from the supporting tray 623%, motor 632 is iirst energized as seen in FIGURE 1l to bring the lingers 579 and 571 into clamping engagement with the opposite anges 77 and 73 of the selected cartridge 19. Motor 66@ is then energized to lift the selected cartridge to a position such as indicated in solid outline in FIGURE l2 with the cartridge clear of the supporting tray 669. Motor 626 is then energized to pivot the arms 61) and 611 to a horizontal orientation as indicated in dash outline at 61961 :'n FIGURE l2. Thereafter, motor 666 is energized in the opposite direction to extend the arms 57% and 571 to insert the cartrid ge into a selected compartment such as indicated at 67@ in FIGURE 12. Motor 632 is now energized in the reverse direction to spread the clamping iingers S76 and 571 and release the cartridge within the compartment, and motor 666* is energized to retract the fingers from the compartment. Gear wheel 624 has no teeth at sector 62441, FiGURE l2, to allow arms 571i and 571 to pivot upwardly slightly as the cartridge moves over ledge 5640.

To then remove a desired cartridge7 the conveyor mechanism illustrated in FIGURE 5 including motors 444, 466, 468 and 469 are controlled to move the ngers 57d and 571 into alignment withL the compartment having the selected cartridge.

When the fingers are properly aligned, motor 66% is energized to extend the iingers into the compartment on opposite sides of the cartridge therein, and the iingers 25 are clamped to the opposite sides of the cartridge and then removed from the compartment. The smooth sector 62411 of gear wheel 624 allows upward pivoting of arms 57 and 571 as the cartridge moves up the incline provided by bottom wall .564.

The mechanism of FIGURES ll and l2 is thus equally adapted to removing or replacing a plurality of cartridges, all of which may be stored on a tray such as indicated at 669 for delivery to or from a transducer machine such as indicated at 769 in EGURE 9.

For example when a tray such as 66) has been lled with cartridges to be played on the transducer mechanism 7%, the conveyor maydeliver the tray 6% to a tray storage location such as indicated at 792 in FIGURE 9 on a tray stand 763. The carriage 536 is indicated as having four releasable fingers such as ngers '716 and 711 which are releasable by means of four solenoids such as 713 and 714, so that the tray 661B may be deposited at position '762 by energization of the solenoids. When the carriage 566 has been lifted above the deposited tray and brought into operative relation to a further tray such as 726 in FJURE 9, solenoids 713 and 714 may be deenergized, and suitable compression spring means within the solenoids and acting on the inner ends of fingers 'and 714 may cause the ngers 71@ and 711 to be inserted into apertures such as indicated at 717 in FIG- URE 9 of the new tray. The tray removed from the tray support 736 adjacent the machine 706 may be temporarily deposited in any suitable location while the carriage mechanism 586 moves a new tray such as that indicated at 731 onto the tray support 736. The carriage 53? then may again pick up the tray 72% and distribute the cartridges therein in desired compartments of the storage volume.

By way of example, the cartridges may have the coding stripes shown in FIGURE 8, and the shuttle 587 may carry a suitable photoelectric scanning means 739 for sscanning the coded numbers of the cartridges associated with tray 720, for example. The scanning mechanism 739 thus may control the conveyor mechanism shown in FGURE 5 so as to align the individual cartridges of tray 72% with the corresponding numbered cornpartments of the storage volume. The clamping iingers 576, 571 would then be actuated to return the cartridges to the respective correct compartments.

As a check on correct operation of the indexing mechanism of FIGURE 5, suitable photoelectric sending and receiving means as diagrammatically indicated at 746 and 741 in FIGURE l2 may scan coded numbers at wall surfaces 743 of the storage volume to compare such coded number with the number coded on the leader of the cartridge being returned.

FGURES 9 and 10 illustrate the manner in which the successive cartridges are delivered to the playing mechanism '769. The trays such as indicated at 726 are provided with knife edge portions such as indicated at 890 and 861 for engaging between successive teeth of worm gears 3D3 and 884 rotatably mounted in the tray support 730. A motor is indicated at S19 in FIGURE l0 for driving the worm gears 863 and S534 in unison by means of a sprocket chain 811. As the worms 863 and S04 rotate, the tray 7219 is indexed relative to the transformer arms S12 and S13. When a desired cartridge is in alignment with the transfer arms, the arms are rotated from a vertical to a horizontal position on opposite sides of the selected cartridge by means such as motor 826 which may have a spur type gearing 819 meshing with spur type gearing as indicated at S21 on a sleeve S22. The sleeve 822 may have an elongated slot as indicated at 825 through which the arms 812 and 813 project but which prevents relative rotation between the arms and the sleeve. The spur type gearing S19 on the shaft of motor S21? and on sleeve S22 is elongated axially to accommodate relative axial movement between the gearing 821 and gearing 819 without disengagement thereof. A motor 

1. IN COMBINATION, A PLURALITY OF SINGLE SPOOL CARTRIDGES EACH HAVING ONLY ONE RECORD MEDIUM RECEIVING HUB AND HAVING A RECORD MEDIUM WOUND ON THE HUB TERMINATING IN A FREE END, MEANS FOR STORING SAID SINGLE SPOOL CARTRIDGES EACH HAVING ONLY ONE RECORD MEDIUM HUB THEREON IN RESPECTIVE ASSIGNED SPACES OF A STORAGE VOLUME, SELECTOR MEANS FOR REMOVING A SELECTED ONE OF SAID CARTRIDGES FROM ITS ASSIGNED SPACE IN SAID VOLUME AND FOR DELIVERING IT TO A LOADING POSITION, AUTOMATIC THREADING TRANSDUCER MEANS FOR RECEIVING SAID SELECTED ONE OF SAID CARTRIDGES AT SAID LOADING POSITION, AND SAID TRANSDUCER MEANS HAVING MEANS FOR AUTOMATICALLY THREADING THE FREE END OF SAID RECORD MEDIUM OF SAID SELECTED ONE OF SAID CARTRIDGES ALONG A TRANSDUCING PATH IN SAID MACHINE. 